The enjoying surface, referred to as a bandy subject or bandy rink, is a sheet of ice which measures 90-one hundred ten metres by 45-sixty five metres, icefield mystake about the scale of a soccer pitch. The sector is significantly larger than the ice rinks generally used for ice hockey.
The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a standard background with association football, ice hockey, shinty and field hockey. Bandy’s origins are debatable, however its first guidelines have been organised and revealed in England in 1882.
Internationally, bandy’s strongest nations in both men’s and ladies’s competitions at current are Sweden and Russia; each nations have established skilled males’s bandy leagues. In Russia, it’s estimated that more than a million people play bandy.[quotation needed] The sport additionally has organised league play and followers in different international locations, including Finland, Norway and Kazakhstan. The premier international bandy competitors for males is the Bandy World Championship and the premier international bandy competitors for women is the Women’s Bandy World Championship.
From the 1890s till 1955, there was no established worldwide governing physique for bandy. The international governing physique for bandy at present is the Federation of International Bandy (FIB) which formed in February 1955. In 2001, bandy was recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).[4] Both traditional eleven-a-side bandy and rink bandy (which is played on a smaller rink) are recognized by the IOC. Based on the number of taking part athletes, the FIB has claimed bandy is the world’s second-most participated winter sport after ice hockey,[5][6][7] but it is not recorded how many of these participants are male and how many are feminine.
History[edit]
Background[edit]
The earliest origin of the sport is debated. Though many Russians see their old countrymen as the creators of the sport – mirrored by the unofficial title for bandy, “Russian hockey” (русский хоккей) – Russia,[8] England, Wales, and the Netherlands every had sports or pastimes, reminiscent of bando, which will be seen as forerunners of the current sport.[9] The mid-18th-century Devonshire Dialogue assortment lists Bandy as “a recreation, like that of Golf, by which the opposed parties endeavour to beat a ball (generally a knob or gnarl from the trunk of a tree,) reverse ways… the stick to which the sport is performed is crook’d at the tip”.[10]
The sport’s first published set of organized guidelines was codified in 1882 in England by Charles Goodman Tebbutt of the Bury Fen Bandy Club. When the international federation was based in 1955, it took place after a compromise between Russian and English rules, by which more of the English guidelines prevailed.
Since affiliation soccer was already common in England, the codified bandy guidelines took after much of the soccer guidelines. Like affiliation soccer, video games are normally two forty five minute halves and there are 11 gamers per side. Players sticks are curved like giant discipline hockey sticks and the bandy ball is roughly the scale of a tennis ball with a cork core and arduous plastic coating. Bandy balls are both orange or more commonly these days, cerise. Shouldering is allowed in checking conditions and body contact due to this fact does occur, however physique checking and combating are illegal. The offside rule in bandy is in general similar to the offside guidelines utilized in association soccer. Goalkeepers use gloves made particularly for his or her place and wear them on both fingers however do not use any sort of stick.[11]
Early days[edit]
Bandy as an ice skating sport first developed in Britain. English bandy developed as a winter sport in the Fens of East Anglia. Large expanses of ice would form on the flooded meadows or shallow washes in cold winters the place fen skating, which has been a tradition dating again to at the very least medieval occasions, occurred.[12][13] Bandy’s early recorded modernization interval will be traced again to 1813.[14]
Members of the Bury Fen Bandy Club[15] published guidelines of the sport in 1882, and launched it into other European countries. A wide range of stick and ball games involving ice skating were launched to North America by the 1800s however failed to prepare and develop popular rules codes. However, these stick and ball video games grew to become one of many eventual antecedents of the modern sport of ice hockey, whose first guidelines were codified in Canada in 1875, almost a decade before the rules of trendy bandy were established in Britain.
The first worldwide bandy match passed off in 1891 between Bury Fen and the Haarlemsche Hockey & Bandy Club from the Netherlands (a club which after a few club fusions now’s named HC Bloemendaal). The same year, the National Bandy Association was established in England as a governing physique for the sport in England.[16] National governing federations for bandy had been additionally founded in the 1890s in the Netherlands and Russia and in the next decade in Finland, Sweden, and Norway.
The match later dubbed “the unique bandy match”, was truly held in 1875 at the Crystal Palace in London. However, on the time, the sport was called “hockey on the ice”,[16] in all probability as it was thought of an ice variant of field hockey.
An early maker of bandy sticks was the firm of Gray’s, Cambridge. One such stick, now within the collections of the Museum of Cambridge, has a size of rope twisted spherical the handle to rescue any participant who may fall via the ice, as the game was performed on frozen lakes back then. An 1899 photo of two players demonstrating the game reveals the sticks being held single-handed.[17]
Historically, bandy was a well-liked sport in England and in some central and western European nations until the first World War, and from 1901 to 1926 it was performed within the Scandinavian Nordic Games,[18] the primary international multi-sport occasion centered on winter sports.
Etymology[edit]
The sport’s English title comes from the verb “to bandy”, from the Middle French bander (“to strike again and forth”), and initially referred to a 17th-century Irish game just like subject hockey.[quotation wanted] The curved stick was also known as a “bandy”.[19] The etymological connection to the similarly named Welsh hockey sport of bando isn’t clear.
An previous title for bandy is hockey on the ice; in the first rule books from England at the turn of the Century 1900, the sport is actually referred to as “bandy or hockey on the ice”.[20] Since the early 20th century, the time period bandy is usually preferred to prevent confusion with ice hockey.
The sport is called bandy in lots of languages, with just a few exceptions. In Russia, bandy is known as “Russian hockey” (русский хоккей) or extra often, and officially, “hockey with a ball” (хоккей с мячом) whereas ice hockey is called “hockey with a puck” (хоккей с шайбой) or extra steadily simply “hockey”. If the context makes it clear that bandy is the subject, it as nicely will be called just “hockey”. In Belarusian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian it is also called “hockey with a ball” (хакей з мячoм, хокей з м’ячем and хокей с топка respectively). In Slovak “bandy hockey” (bandyhokej) is the identify. In Armenian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Mongol and Uzbek, bandy is named “ball hockey” (գնդակով հոկեյ, допты хоккей, топтуу хоккей, бөмбөгтэй хоккей and koptokli xokkey respectively). In Finnish the two sports are distinguished as “ice ball” (jääpallo) and “ice puck” (jääkiekko), as well as in Hungarian (jéglabda; jégkorong), although in Hungarian it’s extra usually referred to as “bandy” these days. In Estonian bandy is also called “ice ball” (jääpall). In Mandarin Chinese it is “bandy ball” (班迪球). In Scottish Gaelic the identify is “ice shinty” (camanachd-deighe).[21] In old times shinty or shinney had been also typically used in English for bandy.[9]
Due to its similarities with association football, bandy is also nicknamed “winter soccer” (Swedish: Vinterns fotboll).[1][22]
Historical relationship with association soccer and ice hockey[edit]
Bandy and association football[edit]
With affiliation soccer and hockey on ice or bandy both being widespread sports in parts of Europe round 1900, bandy was extremely influenced by football and taking after its fundamental guidelines: having a area roughly the same dimension, having the identical number of gamers on each staff and having the identical sport time (2×45 minutes).[23] It is natural that bandy received the nickname ‘winter soccer’.[1]
It was common for sports clubs to have each a bandy and a soccer part, with athletes taking part in both sports activities but at totally different occasions of the yr. Some examples are Nottingham Forest Football and Bandy Club in England (as we speak identified just as Nottingham Forest F.C.) and Norwegian Strømsgodset IF and Mjøndalen IF, with each having an active bandy part.
In Sweden, most soccer clubs that have been active during the first half of the 20th century additionally performed bandy. Swedish player Orvar Bergmark earned silver medals on the planet championships of both sports within the 1950s. Later, because the season for each sport increased in time, it was not as simple for the gamers to interact in both sports, so some clubs got here to focus on one or the opposite. Many previous clubs nonetheless have both sports activities on their program. Sten-Ove Ramberg is the last Swedish player in both national teams (1978 in bandy, 1979-1984 in soccer).
Bandy and ice hockey[edit]
As bandy in a means could be seen as a precursor to ice hockey,[24] bandy has influenced the event and historical past of ice hockey, mainly in European and former Soviet international locations. While fashionable ice hockey was created in Canada, a wide range of video games which bore a closer resemblance to bandy had been initially played there after British troopers introduced the game of bandy within the late 19th century. At the same time as trendy ice hockey guidelines had been formalized in British North America (current-day Canada), bandy rules have been determined upon in Europe. A cross between English and Russian bandy guidelines finally developed with the football-inspired English guidelines (cf the passage above about bandy and association soccer) turning into dominant, along with the Russian low-border along most of the 2 sidelines, an addition to the sport which has maintained its presence since the 1950s.
Before Canadians introduced ice hockey into Europe in the early 20th century, “hockey” was one other identify for bandy,[25] and nonetheless is in components of Russia and Kazakhstan.
Both bandy and ice hockey were performed in Europe through the twentieth century, especially in Sweden, Finland, and Norway.[26] Ice hockey grew to become more standard than bandy in most of Europe, mostly because it had turn out to be an Olympic sport, while bandy had not. Athletes in Europe who had played bandy switched to ice hockey in the 1920s to compete within the Olympics.[27][28] The smaller ice fields wanted for ice hockey additionally made its rinks easier to take care of, particularly in countries with quick winters.[27][29] Then again, ice hockey was not played in the Soviet Union until the 1950s, when the USSR wanted to compete internationally. The standard European style of ice hockey, with flowing, much less physical play, represents a heritage of bandy.[30]
Modern growth[edit]
First national bandy league[edit]
The primary nationwide bandy league in fashionable historical past was began in Sweden in 1902.[16]
Bandy in the Nordic Games[edit]
Bandy was performed at the Nordic Games in both Stockholm and Kristiania (current day Oslo) in 1901, 1903, 1905, 1909, 1913, 1917, 1922 and 1926, and between Swedish, Finnish and Russian groups at similar video games in Helsinki in 1907.[31] Bandy appeared as a sport in all eight editions of the Nordic Games from 1901 to 1926.
European Bandy Championships[edit]
The 1913 European Bandy Championships was the primary (and thus far, the one) European Championship tournament in bandy. It was held in February 1913, in St. Moritz, Switzerland with eight international locations participating,[quotation wanted] however none from the Nordic nations.[16] While Germany competed, Sweden and Russia did not, with both international locations competing in the 1913 Nordic Games instead. In 2014, the Four Nation Bandy tournament was held in Davos, Switzerland, as a centenary celebration of the 1913 European Bandy Championships.
Highest altitude[edit]
The very best altitude the place bandy has been played is in Khorugh, the capital of the Tajik autonomous province of Gorno-Badakhshan.[32] Khorugh is situated 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) above sea stage within the Pamir Mountains.
World Championships and Russian efficiency[edit]
Because the 1950s, when the Soviet Union ended its isolation and began to take part in international sports activities occasions, there has been a cause to play world championships. The International Bandy Federation was based in 1955 and the primary world championships had been performed in 1957 with the Soviet Union and then Russia (as its successor nation in 1993) nearly persistently in a high place in the sport of bandy alongside Sweden. Finland has received once, in 2004.
In a similar vogue, Russia, together with Sweden, has emerged as certainly one of the two dominant girls’s bandy nations internationally within the Women’s Bandy World Championship.
Women’s bandy[edit]
Women’s bandy makes use of the exact same rules as males,[citation needed] however the ladies’s recreation is played separately. Women have been taking part in bandy since the sport was initially developed.[citation needed] Although there were several attempts in the early part of the 19th century to organise bandy leagues for ladies’s teams,[the place?] regular leagues only started in the 1970s in Sweden and Finland after which later in the 1980s in Norway and the Soviet Union.
Bandy shifting indoors[edit]
Starting within the 1980s and increasingly for the reason that flip of the millennium, an increasing number of indoor arenas for bandy have been built (typically as joint arenas to be used additionally for football or pace skating). Using indoor arenas makes the results of the weather on a recreation just about insignificant, something which earlier all the time have been an element to contemplate for the teams and the audiences. However, unlike another sports activities, bandy remains to be the same sport with the same guidelines indoors or outdoors and no adjustments are made to the foundations depending on whether or not there is a roof overhead or not. Many games, even in the very best leagues, are nonetheless played outdoors. In Sweden there are more indoor arenas than in all other countries combined.
Overview[edit]
Bandy is performed on ice, utilizing a single spherical bandy ball. Two groups of eleven gamers each compete to get the ball into the other group’s objective using bandy sticks, thereby scoring a aim.[33] The workforce that has scored extra goals at the top of the game is the winner. If each teams have scored an equal variety of goals, then, with some exceptions, the sport is a draw.[33] The sport is designed to be performed on a rectangular sheet of ice, known as a bandy discipline, which is identical measurement as a football (soccer) discipline.
In a typical game, gamers attempt to propel the ball toward their opponents’ objective by individual control of the ball, equivalent to by dribbling, passing the ball to a teammate, and taking pictures on the aim, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing gamers could try to regain management of the ball by intercepting a cross or tackling the opponent who controls the ball. However, bodily contact between opponents is restricted. Bandy is generally a free-flowing sport, with play stopping solely when the ball has left the sphere of play, or when play is stopped by the referee. After a stoppage, play can recommence with a free stroke, a penalty shot or a corner stroke. If the ball has left the sector alongside the sidelines, the referee should resolve which staff touched the ball final, and award a restart stroke to the opposing team, just like football’s throw-in.[33]
When it comes to guidelines, bandy has several guidelines that are just like soccer. Each team has 11 players, considered one of whom is a goalkeeper. The offside rule, which basically is much like the one used in soccer, can be employed.[33] A objective cannot be scored from a goal throw, however not like football, a aim could be scored from a stroke-in or a corner stroke.[34] All free strokes are “direct” and allow a aim to be scored with out another participant touching the ball. A main rule is that players (apart from the goalkeepers) could not deliberately touch the ball with their heads, palms or arms during play. Although gamers often use their sticks to maneuver the ball round, they could use any part of their bodies apart from their heads, palms or arms and should use their skates in a restricted manner.
The principles do not specify any player positions aside from goalkeeper,[33] but numerous participant specialisations have advanced. Broadly, these embrace three essential classes:
– forwards, whose predominant process is to score goals- defenders, who specialise in stopping their opponents from scoring- midfielders, who take the ball from the opposition and go it to the forwards.Players in these positions are known as outfield players, to discern them from the single goalkeeper. These positions are further differentiated by which facet of the field the player spends most time in. For instance, there are central defenders, and left and proper midfielders. The ten outfield gamers could also be organized in these positions in any combination (for example, there could also be three defenders, 5 midfielders, and two forwards), and the variety of gamers in each place determines the type of the workforce’s play; more forwards and fewer defenders would create a extra aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse would create a slower, more defensive type of play. While players might spend most of the sport in a particular place, there are few restrictions on player movement, and gamers can switch positions at any time. The layout of the gamers on the pitch is called the team’s formation, and defining the team’s formation and ways is normally the prerogative of the team’s manager(s). Formation in bandy is usually comparable to the formation in association football.
Rules[edit]
There are eighteen rules in official play, designed to apply to all levels of bandy, although sure modifications for teams comparable to juniors, veterans or girls are permitted. The rules are often framed in broad phrases, which allow flexibility of their application depending on the character of the sport.[33] A recreation is officiated by a referee, the authority and enforcer of the principles, whose decisions are remaining. The referee may have one or two assistant referees. A secretary exterior of the field usually takes care of the match protocol.[33]
The Bandy Playing Rules could be discovered on the official webpage of the Federation of International Bandy,[33] and are overseen by the principles and Referee Committee.
Players[edit]
Each team consists of a maximum of 11 gamers (excluding substitutes), considered one of whom have to be the goalkeeper. A crew of fewer than eight gamers might not begin a sport. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their arms or arms, and they are only allowed to take action within the penalty space in entrance of their very own objective.[3]
Though there are a variety of positions wherein the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically positioned by a coach, these positions should not outlined or required by the principles of the sport.[33]
The positions and formations of the players in bandy are virtually the same as the common association football positions and the identical terms are used for the different positions of the gamers. A staff often consists of defenders, midfielders and forwards. The defenders can play within the type of centre-backs, full-backs and generally wing-backs, midfielders playing within the centre, attacking or defensive, and forwards within the form of centre ahead, second strikers and typically a winger. Sometimes one participant can also be taking over the function of a libero.
Any variety of players could also be changed by substitutes through the course of the game. Substitutions may be carried out without notifying the referee and will be performed while the ball is in play. However, the substitute must go away the ice earlier than the teammate enters it. A workforce can convey at probably the most four substitutes to the sport, five if one of these is an extra goalkeeper.[3]
Formation[edit]
Formation in bandy describes how the players in a crew generally place themselves on the rink and is often comparable to the formation in affiliation football. The group’s supervisor(s) define the group’s formation whereas tactics are often their prerogative as effectively.
Bandy is a fluid and quick-shifting recreation, and (with the exception of the goalkeeper) a participant’s position in a formation doesn’t outline their role as rigidly as for, for instance, a rugby participant, nor are there episodes in play the place gamers should expressly line up in formation (as in gridiron soccer). The bandy video games are more just like affiliation soccer on this regard. Nevertheless, a player’s position in a formation typically defines whether a player has a principally defensive or attacking function, and whether or not they are inclined to play in the direction of one aspect of the pitch or centrally.[35]
Duration and tie-breaking measures[edit]
An ordinary grownup bandy match consists of two durations of 45 minutes each, often called halves. Each half runs constantly, which means the clock shouldn’t be stopped when the ball is out of play; the referee can, nevertheless, make allowance for time lost by means of vital stoppages as described under. There is often a 15-minute half-time break. The end of the match is known as full-time.[33]
The referee is the official timekeeper for the match and should make an allowance for time lost by substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or different stoppages. This added time is commonly known as stoppage time or injury-time, and should be reported to the match secretary and the 2 captains. The referee alone signals the tip of the match.[33]
If it is rather cold or if it is snowing, the match may be broken into thirds of half-hour every. At the extraordinarily cold 1999 World Championship some matches were performed in four periods of 15 minutes each and with extra lengthy breaks in between. On this planet Championships the two halves could be 30 minutes every for the nations within the B division.
In league competitions, games might end in a draw, however in some knockout competitions if a game is tied at the top of regulation time it could go into extra time, which often consists of two additional 10-minute durations. If the rating is still tied after extra time, the game will probably be decided on penalties. The groups shoot five penalties each and if this doesn’t settle the game, the teams shoot one more penalty each until one in all them misses and the opposite scores.
Ball in and out of play[edit]
Under the foundations, the two basic states of play throughout a game are ball in play and ball out of play. From the start of every enjoying interval with a stroke-off (a set strike from the centre-spot by one group) till the tip of the playing interval, the ball is in play at all times, besides when either the ball leaves the field of play, or play is stopped by the referee. When the ball becomes out of play, play is restarted by one in every of six restart methods depending on the way it went out of play:
– Stroke-off- Goal-throw- Corner stroke- Free-strokePenalty shotFace-offIf the time runs out while a workforce is preparing for a free-stroke or penalty, the strike should nonetheless be made nevertheless it must go into the objective by one shot to depend as a objective. Similarly, a aim made via a nook stroke needs to be allowed, but it surely should be executed utilizing only one shot along with the strike wanted to place the ball in play.[33]
Free-strokes and penalty shots[edit]
Free-strokes could be awarded to a workforce if a participant of the alternative group breaks any rule, for instance, by hitting with the stick towards the opponent’s stick or skates. Free-strokes can also be awarded upon incorrect execution of nook-strikes, free-strikes, objective-throws, and so on. or the use of incorrect equipment, equivalent to a damaged stick.[33]
Rather than stopping play, the referee may permit play to continue when its continuation will profit the staff towards which an offence has been dedicated. This is known as “enjoying an advantage”. The referee may “call back” play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated benefit doesn’t ensue inside a short time period, typically taken to be 4 to five seconds. Even when an offence isn’t penalised because the referee performs a bonus, the offender should still be sanctioned (see under) for any associated misconduct at the next stoppage of play.[33]
If a defender violently attacks an opponent throughout the penalty area, a penalty shot is awarded. Certain other offences, when carried out within the penalty area, for example a defender holding or hooking an attacker, or blocking a purpose situation with a lifted skate, thrown stick or glove and so on lead to a penalty shot. Also, the defenders (with the exception of the goal-keeper) should not allowed to kneel or lie on the ice. The ultimate offences that might mandate a penalty shot are those of hitting or blocking an opponent’s stick or touching the ball with the fingers, arms, stick or head. A 10-minute penalty or a red card could also be issued to the offending player as properly.
Warnings and penalties[edit]
A ten-minute penalty is indicated by using a blue card and can be attributable to protesting or behaving incorrectly, attacking an opponent violently or stopping the ball incorrectly to get a bonus.
The third time a player receives a time penalty, it will likely be a personal penalty, which means he or she’s going to miss the remainder of the match. A substitute can enter the sector after five or ten minutes, relying on the kind of time penalty received. A full sport penalty can be received upon utilizing abusive language or directly attacking an opponent and signifies that the player can neither play nor be substituted for the remainder of the sport. A match penalty is indicated via the usage of a crimson card.
Offside[edit]
The offside rule effectively limits the power to assault players to remain forward (i.e. closer to the opponent’s purpose-line) of the ball, the second-to-last defending participant (which can include the goalkeeper), and the half-means line. This rule is on the whole just like that of soccer.[33]
Equipment[edit]
The essential gear gamers are required to put on features a pair of bandy skates, a helmet, a mouthguard and, within the case of the goalkeeper, a faceguard.
The groups should wear uniforms that make it simple to distinguish the two teams. The goalkeeper wears distinct colours to be singled out from his or her teammates, just as in football. The ice skates, sticks and any tape on the stick should be of one other colour than the bandy ball, which is orange or cerise.[33]
In addition to the aforementioned objects, various items of gear are used to protect the knees, elbows, genitals and throat. The pants and gloves may contain padding.
Bandy stick[edit]
The stick utilized in bandy is an important a part of the sport. It must be made from an accredited material such as wood or a similar material and mustn’t comprise any steel or sharp components which might damage the encompassing players.
Sticks are crooked and can be found in 5 angles, where 1 has the smallest bend and 5 has essentially the most. Bend four is the most common size in skilled bandy.
The bandy stick mustn’t have similar colours to the ball, comparable to orange or pink; it must be no longer than 127 centimetres (50 in), and no wider than 7 centimetres (2.Eight in).[36]
Bandy subject[edit]
A bandy field is 45-sixty five metres (148-213 ft) by 90-one hundred ten metres (300-360 ft), a total of 4,050-7,150 square metres (43,600-77,000 sq ft), or about the identical dimension as a soccer pitch and considerably bigger than an ice hockey rink. Along the sidelines a 15 cm (6 in) excessive border (vant, sarg, wand, wall) is positioned to prevent the ball from leaving the ice. It should not be connected to the ice, to glide upon collisions, and will end 1-3 metres (three ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) away from the corners.
Centered at every shortline is a 3.5 m (11 ft) wide and 2.1 m (6 ft eleven in) excessive goal cage and in front of the cage is a half-circular penalty area with a 17 m (56 ft) radius. A penalty spot is situated 12 metres (39 ft) in front of the objective and there are two free-stroke spots at the penalty area line, each surrounded by a 5 m (sixteen ft) circle.
A centre spot with a circle of radius 5 m (sixteen ft) denotes the center of the field. A centre-line is drawn by way of the centre spot parallel with the shortlines.
At each of the corners, a 1 m (3 ft three in) radius quarter-circle is drawn, and a dotted line is painted parallel to the shortline and 5 metres (sixteen ft) away from it without extending into the penalty space. The dotted line can be replaced with a 0.5-metre (1 ft 8 in) long line starting at the edge of the penalty area and extending towards the sideline, 5 metres (16 ft) from the shortline.[33]
The purpose cage used in bandy is 3.5 m (11 ft) large and 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) excessive and is the most important one utilized by any organized winter group sport.
Protective gear[edit]
Bandy gamers require protective gear, some of which is designed particularly for the sport such as the bandy chinguard. Equipment is similar to that worn in ice hockey but is typically smaller, lighter, and more versatile, and extra closely resembles the tools worn in the modern sport of ringette.
All players are required to put on helmets. While some bandy players are required to wear facemasks equivalent to young players, some outfield players solely put on a helmet with a bandy chin guard. Goaltenders are the exception and should wear a helmet and facemask at all times.
International[edit]
International video games in the early years[edit]
The primary international video games had been performed by membership teams within the 1890s.
Starting in the primary decade of the twentieth Century, friendlies were performed between nationwide teams of some European nations. While video games like this didn’t happen in central and western Europe after the 1910s, the Nordic countries of Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden continued, doing it extra commonly in the course of the 1920s and thirties with yearly or semi-annually recurring friendlies between a few of them.
Sweden tried to arrange friendlies with the Soviet Union in the 1940s, however it did not come to be until the 1950s.
Nordic Games[edit]
Bandy was played as one of many sports activities on the Nordic Games, worldwide winter sports activities events held throughout the primary few many years of the twentieth Century.
International federation[edit]
The Fédération internationale de hockey sur glace, or International Ice Hockey Federation, was based in 1908 and was governing some bandy competitions in its early years, earlier than solely concentrating on ice hockey.
The Federation of International Bandy (FIB) was formed as International Bandy Federation in 1955 and has had 33 members at most, every representing a country where bandy is played. Currently, there are 27 members of the federation.[37] The identify of the federation was modified to the current one in 2001 after the International Olympic Committee accepted it as a so-referred to as “acknowledged sport”. The abbreviation “IBF” was at the time already utilized by one other acknowledged sports federation, and IOC considers it necessary that the official abbreviations of sports federations are distinctive, in order that the federations will not be mistaken for each other. In 2004, FIB was totally accepted by IOC.
FIB is now a member of Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.
World Championships[edit]
The Bandy World Championship for men is organized by the FIB and was first held in 1957. It was held every two years starting in 1961, and every year since 2003.
Currently, the document number of countries participating on the planet Championships is twenty (2019). Since the variety of nations taking part in bandy will not be large, each nation which may set up a workforce is welcome to participate on the earth Championship. The quality of the groups varies; nonetheless, with only six nations, Sweden, the Soviet Union, Russia, Finland, Norway, and Kazakhstan, having won medals (allowing for the truth that Russia’s crew took over from the Soviet Union in 1993). Finland gained the 2004 world championship in Västerås, Sweden, whereas all different championships have been received by Sweden, the Soviet Union and Russia.
The Soviet Union received all championships until 1981, when Sweden managed to break the streak of eleven straight gold medals. Sweden won once more in the following tournament in 1983, but Soviet again seized the victory in 1985. The Soviet Union additionally gained at its final two appearances, after which Sweden received in 1993, 1995 and 1997. Russia, having taken over after the Soviet Union, and Sweden have saved on successful all championships between them aside from 2004, when Finland managed to assert the win.
In 2020, the B division of the World Championship was played, however the A division – which was to be played about a month later – was first postponed a few instances because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and later moved to the next 12 months because the pandemic didn’t finish. The championship tournament might nonetheless not be played in 2021 either. In 2022, the championship was finally to be held, however since it was scheduled to be performed in Russia, many national federations stated they did not need to participate due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and it was cancelled by the FIB since this meant there would have been too few competing groups.
The first World Championship for women occurred in February 2004 in Lappeenranta, Finland. Sweden won the championship with out conceding a objective. In the 2014 girls’s World Championship Russia received for the primary time, defeating Sweden, making it the primary time Sweden didn’t win the world title. In 2016 Sweden took the title again.
The 2018 ladies’s tournament was performed in a country situated completely in Asia for the first time, when in was hosted in Chengde, China.[38][39] It was the identical for the men’s tournament that very same year (the area north and west of the Ural River is located in Europe, thus Kazakhstan, which had hosted a world championship before, is a transcontinental nation), when Harbin hosted the 2018 Division B tournament.
The 2020 championship saw China withdraw its participation as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, but the tournament was held in Norway in February and the pandemic had not yet reached Europe. In 2022 when the championship was performed in Sweden, China did not yet return, whereas Russia and Ukraine each withdrew due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Youth[edit]
There are additionally Youth Bandy World Championships in numerous age groups for boys and young men and in one age group for ladies. The oldest group is the underneath 23 championship, Bandy World Championship Y-23.
Olympic Movement[edit]
Bandy was formally acknowledged by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) under the Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations (ARISF) in 2004, and was performed as a demonstration sport at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. However, it has yet to formally be played on the Olympics.
In response to the FIB, bandy is the world’s second-most participated winter sport after ice hockey based mostly on the variety of participating athletes.[5][6][7] It is unclear how many of the gamers take part in the male class and what number of in the female category. The FIB has also recorded bandy (men’s) as having ranked because the quantity two winter sport in terms of tickets offered per day of competitions on the sport’s world championship.[6]
However, in contrast with the seven Winter Olympic sports, bandy’s popularity amongst different winter sports activities across the globe is considered by the International Olympic Committee to have a, “hole between recognition and participation and global audiences”, which is a roadblock to future Olympic inclusion.[40]
The FIB has additionally stated that the sport ranks because the quantity two winter sport by way of tickets offered per day of competitions on the men’s world bandy championship.[6] However, in contrast with the seven Winter Olympic sports, bandy’s popularity amongst other winter sports throughout the globe is taken into account by the International Olympic Committee to have a “hole between popularity and participation and international audiences”, which is a roadblock to future Olympic inclusion.[40] As well as, the Olympic Charter requires a sport to be extensively practiced by males in not less than 75 countries and on 4 continents, and by women in no fewer than forty nations and on three continents in order to be accepted.
FIB president Boris Skrynnik lobbied for Bandy to be included in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, given Russia’s prominence in the sport.[41] Members of the Chinese Olympic Committee were current on the 2017 world championships to fulfill with Skrynnik about the potential for considering the sport for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.[42][43] However, in 2018 it was introduced no new sports activities can be added for 2022.[44]
Asian Winter Games[edit]
At the 2011 Asian Winter Games, open to members of the Olympic Council of Asia, males’s bandy was included for the primary time. Three groups contested the inaugural competition, and Kazakhstan won the gold medal. The President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, attended the ultimate.[45][46]
There was no bandy competitors at the next Games, the 2017 Asian Winter Games held in Japan.
Winter Universiade/Winter World University Games[edit]
Bandy made its debut on the Winter Universiade in the course of the 2019 Games in Krasonyarsk, Russia. Originally a six-group tournament for men and a four-staff tournament for ladies had been deliberate to be held.[47] However, later China withdrew from the men’s tournament and was presupposed to be changed by Belarus.[48] Since that didn’t happen both, collaborating teams among girls had been Russia, Sweden, Norway and the United States, while amongst men Russia, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Kazakhstan.
In 2019, the International University Sports Federation expected bandy to be a part of the 2023 Winter World University Games (Winter World University Games being the new identify of the Winter Universiade) too,[49] nonetheless, this doesn’t seem to be so, because the hosts in Lake Placid, USA, has not included it in its preliminary schedules.
World Cup[edit]
The World Championships should not be confused with the annual Bandy World Cup competitions. The World Cup is for membership groups.
Men[edit]
The Bandy World Cup for men in Ljusdal, Sweden, has been performed yearly because the 1970s and is the most important bandy tournament for elite-degree membership teams. It is performed indoors in Sandviken since 2009 as a result of Ljusdal has no indoor area. It is expected to return to Ljusdal as soon as an indoor arena has been constructed. World Cup matches are played day and night time, and the tournament is performed in four days in late October. The groups taking part are largely, and some years exclusively, from Sweden and Russia, which has the two greatest leagues in the world.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the Cup being cancelled in 2020 and 2021.
Women[edit]
There can be a membership competition for ladies’s bandy groups called Bandy World Cup Women. Its inaugural yr was in 2007.[50]
European Cup[edit]
The European Cup was first performed in 1974 and was a competition that includes the nationwide men’s champion staff from any European nation which had a nationwide bandy championship. This meant, at the time, that only four teams competed yearly, which had been the men’s champions from Finland, Norway, the Soviet Union, and Sweden. After the Soviet Union had been dissolved in 1991, the Russian champions took part as a substitute. The cup shouldn’t be formally defunct, however the final installment was played in 2009.
Four Nations Tournament[edit]
The Federation of International Bandy normally arranges a 4 nations tournament yearly between national teams from Norway, Finland, Russia and Sweden. The 2022 tournament was initially set for 21-23 January, however was cancelled after the Swedish Bandy Association introduced they would not be internet hosting it for that season.
Rossiya Tournament (Russian Government Cup)[edit]
During the period 1972-1990, the Rossiya Tournament was held semi-yearly for national teams in the years when there was no world championship. This tournament was always performed in the Soviet Union and arranged by the newspaper Sovetskaya Rossiya. It was affectionately referred to as “the small world championship”. From 1992 the tournament was renamed Russian Government Cup. The last instalment was performed in 2012.
Overview of worldwide competitions[edit]
There are a number of existing international bandy competitions with events various based mostly upon age, competitive level, and sex.
Senior[edit]
Junior[edit]
Variants of bandy and sports developed from bandy[edit]
7-a-facet bandy[edit]
Sorts of bandy exist, utilising the same guidelines only with slight differences, like seven-a-side bandy with regulation sized objective cages however with out corner strokes and infrequently on a smaller sized rink. Seven-a-side bandy was in style in central Europe and in England within the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, whereas eleven-a-facet bandy was most popular within the Nordic international locations and in Russia. Seven-a-facet bandy rules have been utilized on the 1913 European Bandy Championships and at the Davos Cup in 2016.
Rink bandy[edit]
Rink bandy is a bandy variant played on an ice hockey-measurement rink.[51] It was initially conceived as a method of training bandy within the summertime, when there have been no bandy sized indoor rinks however ice hockey rinks had began to be built indoors. Rink bandy is performed by basically the identical rules as regular bandy but on a enjoying floor the dimensions of an ice hockey rink with ice hockey aim cages and six players on each group (or 5 within the case of the USA Rink Bandy League).
There have been international competitions for rink bandy performed by one of the best bandy gamers in the 1980s and nineties, each for club groups and for nationwide groups, there were world championships in rink bandy in those days and the Hofors World Cup for clubs was performed annually from 1984 to 1998. When more indoor bandy rinks have been built, rink bandy has extra change into a sport for decrease league teams a d recreational play.
Rink bandy was performed within the 2012 European Company Sports Games program.[52]
Some member nations of the Federation of International Bandy, which is the worldwide governing physique for rink bandy in addition to bandy, would not have regulation sized bandy surfaces which are larger than the extra frequent ice hockey ice rink and subsequently only play rink bandy at residence; this includes a lot of the World Championships Group B members.
Rinkball[edit]
Rink bandy has in flip led to the creation of the sport of rinkball. The sport of rinkball has at occasions been referred to as a variant of bandy, however it organized by the 1980s and has since become an established organized sport with its own governing body and differs significantly from each bandy and ice hockey, the sport’s two main influences.
Floorball[edit]
Bandy can also be the predecessor of floorball, which was invented when people began enjoying with plastic bandy shaped sticks and lightweight balls when running on the floors of indoor gym halls.
Landbandy[edit]
In Sweden, informal video games performed like bandy however on ice-free floor (often on gravel or asphalt concrete) are called landbandy (see landbandy on the Swedish language Wikipedia).
No roller or parasport variants exist[edit]
There isn’t any formal roller sport companion to bandy involving either inline skates or parallel wheel roller skates, even when rink hockey could be thought-about to have some similarities with bandy. There can be no formally organized skateless ice variant of bandy, and bandy does not have any parasport variant.
Countries[edit]
China[edit]
The China Bandy Federation was set up in 2014. Since them, China has since participated in various world championship tournaments, with males’s, women’s and youth teams. China Bandy is mainly financed by non-public sources. The event of the sport in China is supported by the Harbin Sport University.
Czechia[edit]
A group from Prague turned Austrian nationwide bandy champions in 1911.[53] Czechia has been playing on this planet Championship since 2016. As a method of preparing as well as attainable for international matches, they’ve invented modified guidelines for video games on ice hockey rinks, a selection known as short bandy.[54] Their (former rink bandy) league now is named Liga českého národního bandy.
Estonia[edit]
Bandy as an organized sport was performed in Estonia within the 1910s to 1930s and the country had a national championship for some years. The nationwide crew performed friendlies in opposition to Finland in the 1920s and nineteen thirties. The sport was played sporadically in the course of the Soviet occupation 1944-1991. It has since then turn into extra organised once more, partly via alternate with Finnish clubs and fanatics. As of 2018, Estonia takes part in both the Bandy World Championship for males, and the Women’s Bandy World Championship.
Finland[edit]
Bandy as an organized sport was launched to Finland from Russia within the 1890s. Finland has been enjoying bandy friendlies in opposition to Sweden and Estonia since its independence in 1917.
The primary males’s Finnish nationwide championships were held in 1908 and was the primary nationwide Finnish championship held in any group sport. National champions have been named yearly except for 3 years in the first half of the twentieth century when Finland was at battle. The highest nationwide league is known as Bandyliiga and is semi-professional. The best players flip totally skilled by being recruited by clubs in Sweden or Russia.[55] As of the 2020-21 season, Bandyliiga consisted of the next teams: Akilles, Botnia-69, HIFK, JPS, Kampparit, Narukerä, OLS, Veiterä and WP 35.
Finland was an unique member of the Federation of International Bandy and is the only country apart from Russia/Soviet Union and Sweden to have won a Bandy World Championship, which it did in 2004.
The Federation of International Bandy (FIB) is planning for a serious premiere for indoor bandy in Finland in 2023 with the venue taking place at an indoor area in Lappeenranta. When the enviornment is prepared, an international inauguration is to happen with a 4-nation bandy tournament. Participants will include teams from Russia, Sweden, Norway and Finland. The tournament is scheduled for 20-22 January 2023.[56]
Germany[edit]
Bandy was played in Germany in the early 20th century, together with by Crown Prince Wilhelm,[57] however the curiosity died out in favour of ice hockey. The Leipziger Sportclub, which arguably had the most effective workforce, was also the last membership to provide bandy up. The sport was reintroduced to Germany within the 2010s, with the German Bandy Federation being based in 2013.[58] Germany has been participating within the Bandy World Championship, a competition for male rivals, since 2014.
Kazakhstan[edit]
Bandy has an extended historical past in lots of components of Kazakhstan and it used to be one of the most popular sports activities in Soviet occasions. However, after independence it suffered a rapid decline in recognition and only remained in Oral (typically called by the Russian title, “Uralsk”), where the nation’s only professional membership Akzhaiyk is situated. They presently compete in the Russian second tier division, the Russian Bandy Supreme League.
Recently bandy has started to gain popularity once more outside of Oral, most notably in Petropavl[59] and Khromtau. Those have been for instance the three Kazakh cities which had players in the workforce at the Youth-17, Youth Bandy World Championship for boys in 2016.[60] The capital Nur-Sultan has hosted national youth championships in rink bandy[61] in addition to championships in conventional eleven-a-side bandy.[62]
In recent years the former capital Almaty has hosted both the Asian Winter Games (with bandy on this system) as effectively as the Bandy World Championship for men wherein Kazakhstan finished 3rd. Plans are being made to reinvigorate the bandy section of the club Dynamo Almaty, who gained the Soviet Championships in 1977 and 1990 as well because the European Cup in 1978. Almaty can also be the home of the headquarters of the Asian Bandy Federation. Since bandy started regaining recognition and acceptance, the state has begun supporting bandy. Medeu in Almaty is the one arena with artificial ice. A second area in Almaty was constructed for the World Championship 2012, but it was taken down afterwards. Stadion Yunost in Oral[63] was alleged to get artificial ice for the 2017-18 season.[64] It got delayed however in 2018 it was formally ready to be used.[65]
Mongolia[edit]
The national group took a silver medal at the 2011 Asian Winter Games, which led to being chosen as the perfect Mongolian sport workforce of 2011.[66] Mongolia was proud to win the bronze medal of the B division at the 2017 Bandy World Championship[67] after which the President of Mongolia, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, held a reception for the team.[68]
Netherlands[edit]
Bandy as an organized sport was introduced to the Netherlands in the 1890s by Pim Mulier and the sport turned well-liked. However, in the 1920s, the interest turned to ice hockey, but in distinction to other international locations in central and western Europe, the sport has been repeatedly performed within the Netherlands and since the 1970s, the nation has develop into a member of FIB and video games have been more formalised again.[69] The nationwide group began to compete at the WCS in 1991. However, with out a correct venue, solely rink bandy is played within the nation. The nationwide governing physique is the Bandy Bond Nederland.[70]
Norway[edit]
Bandy as an organized sport was introduced to Norway within the 1910s. The Swedes contributed largely and clubs sprang up across the capital of Kristiania (present day Oslo). Oslo, including neighbouring towns, is in the twenty first Century still the area where bandy enjoys most popularity in Norway.
In 1912 the Norwegians played their first National Championship, which was performed yearly as much as 1940. During World War II, when Norway was occupied by Germany, illegal bandy was performed in hidden places in forests, on ponds and lakes. In 1943, 1944 and 1945, illegal championships had been held. In 1946 authorized play resumed and nonetheless goes on in type of the Norwegian Bandy Premier League (Eliteserien). After World War II the variety of groups rose, in addition to attendance which regularly have been within the hundreds, but mild winters in the 1970s and 1980s shrunk the league, and in 2003 only five clubs (groups) fought out the 1st division with low attendance numbers and little media coverage. As of 2021 there are 10 teams in the Norwegian Bandy Premier League.
Norway’s greatest outcome on this planet Championship is a second place in 1965.
Russia[edit]
In Russia bandy is known as hockey with a ball or just Russian hockey. The same game turned popular among the many Russian nobility within the early 1700s, with the imperial court of Peter the great taking part in a predecessor of fashionable bandy on Saint Petersburg’s frozen Neva river.[citation needed] Russians initially played this recreation utilizing peculiar footwear with sticks made out of juniper wood, however it wasn’t until later that ice skates had been introduced. Bandy didn’t become well-liked among the lots throughout the Russian Empire until the second half of the nineteenth century. The predecessor of the present Russian Bandy Federation was founded in 1898. Bandy is taken into account a nationwide sport in Russia[71] and is the only discipline to have official assist of the Russian Orthodox Church.[72]
Traditionally the Russians used an extended skate blade than different nations, giving them the advantage of skating quicker. However, they’d find it tougher to show quickly. A bandy skate has an extended blade than an ice hockey skate, and the “Russian skate” is even longer.
Though bandy was nonetheless played in the Soviet Union after the Russian revolution, they did not partake in any international video games for many many years. While agreements had beforehand been made to play friendlies against Sweden within the late 1940s, these plans had not come to fruition.[73] The bandy event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway where males’s bandy featured as a demonstration sport, was played with none Soviet group. However, the Soviets reconsidered their place following this competition.
When the Federation of International Bandy was formed in 1955, with the Soviet Union as one in all its founding members, the Russians largely adopted the international rules of the sport developed in England within the 19th century, with one notable exception. The opposite nations adopted the border which until then had only been used in Russia.
Because the 1950s, when the Soviet Union ended its isolation and started to take part in worldwide sports occasions, the Soviet Union after which Russia (as its successor nation in 1991) has persistently held a high place within the sport of bandy, each as a founding nation of the International Federation in 1955, and fielding the most successful group within the Bandy World Championship, the premiere international competition for men, (when counting the previous Soviet Union group and Russia collectively).
The men’s Russian skilled bandy league known as the Russian Bandy Super League. The Russian Bandy Supreme League is the second tier of males’s Russian bandy, under the Russian Bandy Super League. In Sweden, the Elitserien (actually, the “Elite League”) is the highest bandy league within the country for men, while Bandyallsvenskan is the second division. In Finland, the very best bandy league for men is the Bandyliiga. In an identical fashion, Russia, along with Sweden, has emerged as one among the 2 dominant women’s bandy nations internationally, recurrently inserting first or second on the premier international bandy competitors for ladies, the Women’s Bandy World Championship.
After the victory in the 2016 World Championship, the fourth in a row, President Vladimir Putin acquired 4 gamers of the nationwide team, Head Coach and Vice-President of the Russian Bandy Federation Sergey Myaus, the Russian Bandy Federation as well as Federation of International Bandy President Boris Skrynnik within the Kremlin. He talked, amongst other issues, about the necessity to provide more assist to Russian bandy.[74] It was the primary time a head of state had accepted a gathering to speak about Russian bandy. Attending the assembly had been also Minister of Sport, Tourism and Youth policy Vitaly Mutko and presidential adviser Igor Levitin.[75] The month after, Igor Levitin held a observe-up assembly.[76]
Russian Championship[edit]
The men’s Russian professional bandy league is known as the Russian Bandy Super League. The Russian Bandy Supreme League is the second tier of men’s Russian bandy, below the Russian Bandy Super League.
The Russian Bandy Super League is the highest tier of the Russian bandy league system. It is professional and played every year. The winner in the ultimate becomes Russian champion. It is taken into account a continuation of the Soviet Union championship, which was performed annually till the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Russian Cup[edit]
The Russian Cup has been performed annually (except for just a few years) since 1937, originally known as the Soviet Cup.
Sweden[edit]
Bandy as an organized sport was introduced to Sweden in 1895. The Swedish royal family, noblemen and diplomats were amongst the primary gamers. While the unique inspiration mainly came from England, there additionally were early exchanges with Germany and Russia. Bandy was taken up as one of the sports activities at the international Nordic Games held in Sweden semi-annually from 1901. Swedish championships for men have been performed yearly since 1907 and Sweden was the first country to have an annual bandy league.
In the 1920s students played the game, then it spread across the nation and grew to become a largely center-class sport. The games may have attracted big crowds of spectators. After Slottsbrons IF gained the Swedish championship in 1934 it grew to become well-liked amongst workers in many smaller industrial towns and villages. Where there was a bandy club the local factory company also normally sponsored the membership to mutual benefit as a profitable staff led to good PR for the corporate. Bandy remains the main sport in lots of of those places.
Bandy in Sweden is famous for its “tradition” the place each taking part in bandy and being a spectator requires nice fortitude and dedication. A “bandy briefcase [sv]” is the traditional accessory for spectating and is typically made of brown leather-based, effectively worn, and accommodates a warm drink in a thermos and/or a bottle of liquor.[77] Bandy is most frequently played at outdoor arenas throughout winter time, so the necessity for spectators to carry flasks or thermoses of ‘warming’ liquid like glögg is a natural impact. With the sport shifting indoors in later decades and the arenas urging for non-alcoholic policies for the audiences, this tradition has partly modified, although not with out opposition.
A notable tradition is “annandagsbandy”, bandy games performed on Saint Stephen’s Day, which for a lot of Swedes is a vital Christmas season tradition and always draws bigger crowds than usual. Games historically begin at 1:15 pm.[78]
Swedish Championship[edit]
In Sweden, the Elitserien (literally, the “Elite League”) is the very best bandy league within the country for males, while Bandyallsvenskan is the second division. The Elite League is the top tier of Swedish bandy and is totally professional. At the top of the season, a play-off is made to make out the two groups taking part in the ultimate match for the Swedish Championship. The ultimate is performed yearly on the third Saturday of March. From 1991 to 2012, it was played at Studenternas Idrottsplats in Uppsala, typically drawing crowds in excess of 20,000. One motive the play-off match was set in Uppsala is because of IFK Uppsala’s success firstly of the twentieth century. IFK Uppsala won 11 titles within the Swedish Championships between 1907 and 1920, which made them probably the most successful bandy membership in your entire country (now, nonetheless, the record is held by Västerås SK). A contributing issue was additionally the poor high quality of the ice at Söderstadion, where the finals had been held from 1967 to 1989.
In 2013 and 2014 the final was performed indoors in Friends Arena, the national stadium for soccer in Solna, Stockholm, with a retractable roof and a capacity of 50 000. The first ultimate at Friends Arena in 2013 drew a file crowd of 38,474 when Hammarby IF Bandy, after ending up in second place in six finals in the course of the 2000s, won their second title. Due to declining attendance from 2015 by means of 2017 Tele2 Arena in southern Stockholm was chosen as a brand new venue. However, the brand new indoor venue failed to attract a lot more than half of the entire capability. In May 2017 it was announced that the finals will once more be held at Studenternas IP in Uppsala from 2018 by means of not less than 2021.
Svenska Cupen (The Swedish Cup)[edit]
The Svenska Cupen (English: The Swedish Cup), Svenska Cupen i bandy, takes place completely in Sweden. It is a single-elimination tournament competition in Swedish bandy and the second-most prominent bandy competitors which is open only to domestic Swedish groups, after the nationwide championship. Its inaugural yr was 2005. The first ladies’s competitors was performed in 2019.[79]
Switzerland[edit]
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Switzerland had turn into a well-liked place for winter holidays and folks went there from throughout Europe. Winter sports like skiing, sledding and bandy was played in Geneva and other towns.[80] Students from Oxford and Cambridge went to Switzerland to play each other – the predecessor of the recurring Ice Hockey Varsity Match was a bandy match played in St. Moritz in 1885. This reputation for Swiss venues of winter sport could have been a purpose, the European Championship was held there in 1913.
Bandy has mainly been played as a recreational sport in Switzerland within the 2000s and 2010s. A Swiss males’s national workforce was lastly started up in 2017 and a Swiss ladies’s nationwide group made its international début in the 2018 Women’s Bandy World Championship.
Ukraine[edit]
Bandy was played in Ukraine when it was part of the Soviet Union. After independence in 1991, it took some years before organised bandy formed once more, however Ukrainian champions have been named annually since 2012.
United Kingdom[edit]
The first recorded games of what could also be thought of bandy on ice happened within the Fens during the great frost of 1813-1814, although it is possible that the game had already been played there within the previous century. Bury Fen Bandy Club[81][82] from Bluntisham-cum-Earith, close to St Ives, was the most profitable team, stated to have remained unbeaten for a hundred years till the winter of 1890-1891. Charles Goodman Tebbutt of the Bury Fen Bandy Club was liable for the first printed guidelines of bandy in 1882, and also for introducing the game into the Netherlands and Sweden, in addition to elsewhere in England where it became well-liked with cricket, rowing, and hockey clubs. Tebbutt’s homemade bandy stick can be seen in the Norris Museum in St Ives.
The primary Ice Hockey Varsity Matches between Oxford University and Cambridge University had been played to bandy guidelines, even if it was referred to as hockey on the ice at the time.[83]
England received the European Bandy Championships in 1913,[84] but that turned out to be the grand finale, and bandy is now not very well known in England. While bandy is often thought to have been a fairly popular sport in England within the many years around 1900, not a lot information seem to have been stored.
A statue of a bandy participant, designed by Peter Baker, was erected at the village pond of Earith to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the first documented recreation in 2013.[85][86]
In March 2004, Norwegian ex-player Edgar Malman invited two massive clubs to play a rink bandy exhibition sport in Streatham, London. Russian Champions and World Cup Winner Vodnik met Swedish Champions Edsbyns IF in a match that ended 10-10. In 2010 England grew to become a Federation of International Bandy member. The national federation is predicated in Cambridgeshire, the historical heartland.[87]
The England Bandy Federation, later renamed the great Britain Bandy Association, was arrange on 2 January 2017 at a gathering held in the historic old skaters public house, the Lamb and Flag in Welney in Norfolk, England, changing the Bandy Federation of England which was based in 2010. In September 2017, the federation decided to widen its territory to all the United Kingdom and altered its identify to Great Britain Bandy Association.[88] Great Britain entered a national team in the 2019 World Championships Group B in January and undefeated as much as the ultimate, gained the silver medal of their remaining match towards Estonia.
In 2002, Great Britain premiered its national girls’s bandy crew on the 2022 Women’s Bandy World Championship.[89]
United States[edit]
Bandy in its authentic, informal method disappeared from the North American continent totally as soon as it and parts from the early sport had become absorbed into a new sport of ice hockey. While ice hockey was rising and organizing within the United States, bandy was doing the same, however only in Europe and Scandinavia. It would not arrive in its organized format in the United States until the 1970s,[90] nearly a century after its preliminary improvement.
Bandy has been played in the United States since across the 1970s,[90] after its promotion by Russians, Swedes and Finns in an change with softball, a sport which was promoted by Americans throughout the same time in the Soviet Union, Sweden and Finland. A key-particular person within the institution of the sport in America was Bob Kojetin of Minnesota Softball.[91] The sport is centered in Minnesota, with only a few teams based mostly elsewhere.[92] The United States national bandy workforce has participated in the Bandy World Championships since 1985 and is also often taking part in pleasant matches towards Canada. The leading group for bandy within the USA is USA Bandy. The USA has a men’s national bandy crew and a ladies’s national bandy group.
The primary bandy game in the USA was performed in December 1979 at the Lewis Park Bandy Rink in Edina, Minnesota. It was a pleasant sport between the Swedish junior nationwide workforce and Swedish club workforce Brobergs IF.[93]
United States bandy championships have been performed annually for the reason that early 1980s, however the sport is not widely covered by American sports media. The championship trophy is named the Gunnar Cup, named after Gunnar Fast, a Swedish military captain who helped introduce bandy to the United States round 1980.[94]
Playing surfaces[edit]
While North American ice hockey rinks can be used for taking part in the bandy variant of rink bandy, places the place the standard recreation of bandy might be played require a larger sized enjoying floor, a bandy discipline, and are almost non-existent in North America. Minnesota, USA is dwelling to the only regulation sized bandy “rink” in North America, the Guidant John Rose Minnesota Oval, commonly known as, “The Oval”, and can also be the largest outdoor refrigerated skating rink in North America. The rink is 110,000 square toes with more than 800 tons of refrigeration and eighty four miles of pipes beneath the ice. The ice will be maintained in temperatures up to 50 levels Fahrenheit. The Oval can hold up to 300 spectators and has hosted World Cup Speedskating, the 2016 Women’s Bandy World Championship, and Aggressive Skating/Biking competitions. The Oval is used mostly for inline hockey during the summer.
National bandy federations[edit]
The following associations are the governing our bodies for bandy in numerous international locations and are member organisations of the Federation of International Bandy.
Belarus – Беларуская федэрацыя хакея з мячaм (Belarusian Bandy Federation) Canada – Canada Bandy[95] People’s Republic of China – China Bandy Federation Colombia – Colombia Federation of Skating Sports Czech Republic – Czech Association of Bandy Estonia – Eesti Jääpalliliit (Estonian Bandy Association)[96] Finland – Finland’s Bandy Association[97] Germany – German Bandy Federation Hungary – Hungarian Bandy Federation[98] India – Bandy Federation of India Italy – Federazione Italiana Bandy Japan – Japan Bandy Federation[99] Kazakhstan – Kazakhstan Bandy Federation Kyrgyzstan – Bandy Federation of Kyrgyzstan Latvia – Latvijas Bendija Federācija[100] Mongolia – Bandy Federation of Mongolia Netherlands – Bandy Bond Nederland.[101] Norway – Norges Bandyforbund[102] Russia – Федерация хоккея с мячом России (Russian Bandy Federation)[103] Somalia – Somali National Bandy Association[104] Sweden – Svenska Bandyförbundet[105] Switzerland – Federation of Swiss Bandy Ukraine – Українськa Федерація хокею з м’ячем та рінк-бенді (Ukrainian Bandy and Rink bandy Federation)[106] United Kingdom – Great Britain Bandy Association United States – American Bandy Association[107]See also[edit]
Sports portal
Rink bandyBandoRinkballPond hockeyIce hockeyRingetteBandy World ChampionshipWomen’s Bandy World ChampionshipBandy within the United StatesBandy in NorwayBandy in IndiaCanada BandySwedish Bandy AssociationRussian Bandy Federation
References[edit]
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– The Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire Hedley Park and Aflalo, F.G. Bandy (includes definition and guidelines), pp. 71-72, 1897. Published by Lawrence & Bullen, Ltd., Sixteen Henrietta St., Covent Garden, London.External links[edit]
“What’s Bandy?”. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2011.cite net: CS1 maint: bot: unique URL standing unknown (hyperlink) – History and guidelines of Bandy.Bandy at CurlieFederation of International BandyBandysidan links – Probably the most intensive hyperlink directories about bandyKlein, Jeff Z. “It isn’t Hockey, It’s Bandy”, The new York Times, Friday, 29 January 2010.Goalwire statistics for bandyTebbutt, C.G. (1892). “Chapter XIII: Bandy”. Skating. Longmans, Green and Co. pp. 429-441. OL 7132924M. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
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